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THE WERNER 

HISTORICAL 

BOOKLETS 



The STORY OF 
HENRY CLAY 



For 



READERS IN 
PRIMARY GRADES 



BY... 

FRANCES and LAURA CRAVENS 




Werner School Book Company 
chicago new york 



THE WERNER HISTORICAL BOOKLETS 

THE STORY 

OF 

HENRY CLAY 



FOR READERS IN PRIMARY GRADES 



BY 
FRANCES AND LAURA CRAVENS 




A 1 ' . ,,}96 



HoJlAv-^- 



WERNER SCHOOL BOOK COMPANY 
NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON 







Copyright, 1896, 
By Frances Cravens. 



Henry Clay. 



$ 









TO THE CHILDREN 

OF THE 

COMMON SCHOOLS OF KENTUCKY 
THIS BOOKLET 

IS DEDICATED BY 

THE AUTHORS. 







HENRY CLAY. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



I. 

When I was a little girl my grandfather told 
me stories. 

One evening he told me about Henry Clay. 

He and Henry Clay were born near each other 
in Virginia. 

They both moved to Kentucky when they were 
boys. 

My grandfather was always fond of his neigh- 
bor. 

He loved to talk of Henry Clay, and to tell 
that he voted for him every time that he ran for 
office. 

One day my teacher asked me to write a little 
composition about Clay. I went home, and 
asked grandfather to tell me all he knew 
about him. 

This is what my grandfather told me. 

5 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



Henry Clay was born in Hanover County, 
Virginia. 

He was very poor. 

His father died when he was five years old. 

This was during the Revolutionary War. 
, His mother was left with very little money. 

She had seven children to bring up. 

The day her husband died some English sol- 
diers came to her house. 

They brought money to pay her for some of her 
husband's property, which they had destroyed. 

She was very angry. They insulted her by 
coming on this sad day. 

Besides, she did not want any British gold. 

So she threw it into the fire. 

She was a brave woman, and very loyal to 
America. 

She was intelligent ; she had a strong, practi- 
cal mind. 

She was anxious that her boys should be good 
and brave men. 

She cared very tenderly for them. 

Henry Clay used to say : " To have had such 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



a strong, sensible mother was a rich birth- 
right." 

He always spoke fondly and tenderly of her. 

She was anxious to send her boys to school, 
but there were times when she could not do so. 

Henry used to rise early in the morning, and 
drive up the cows from the pasture. 

Then he helped to chop the wood and take it 
into the house. 

After this he ate his breakfast. Then he went 
to school, unless he had to work on the farm. 

The school-house had only one room. 

It was built of rough logs. There was no floor 
except the hard earth. 

The children sat on high benches, which did 
not have any backs. 

This school-house was near a mill, called the 
Mill of the Slashes. 

It was also near a church, called the Slash 
Church. 

In this school Henry Clay learned to read, write, 
and count. 

In the spring, Henry often stayed at home to 



8 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

work on the farm. He helped to plow, or hoe 
the long rows of corn. 

He did not like to miss school, but he was 
happy at his work. 

He, like another famous " barefoot boy," 
whistled while he plowed. 

He had a very generous heart. 

He was glad he could work and help his 
mother earn a living. 

On Saturday he used to go to mill. 

He had no bridle except one he made of rope. 

His saddle was a bag of corn or wheat. 

His bare feet needed no stirrups. 

In those days it took a long time to make meal 
or flour. 

The millers made a rule that whoever got to the 
mill first in the morning could £et his grist first. 

o o o 

So the boys used to get up very early in the 
morning, before daylight. 

The whole family had shelled the corn the 
night before. 

It took a stout heart for a little boy to get up 
at half past three o'clock in the morning. 



THE STORY OF HEXRY CLAY. 



But it took a still stouter heart to ride through 
the dense woods alone before daylight. 

This, Henry Clay often did. 

He sometimes felt very lonely, but he kept up a 
brave heart. 

He knew that he did not have half so much to 
fear as the first boys who lived in Virginia had. 

They had Indians, and also wild animals, to 
make them afraid. 



II. 

When Henry Clay was about fourteen years 
old, his mother married Captain Henry Watkins. 

She and her family went to live in Richmond. 

Richmond, you know, is the capital of Virginia. 

Before I tell you about Henry's new home, I 
will tell you just how the house looked where he 
was born. 

It was a one-story frame house, with a very 
large chimney at each end. 

There was ashed room against each chimnev. 



lO THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

It was in one of these shed rooms that Henry 
used to sleep. 

He loved this old house, and disliked to leave 
it, although he was glad to go to Richmond. 

Captain Watkins, his step-father, was a very 
nice man, and was glad to help his wife's children. 

He had a friend who took Henry into his store 
to serve as clerk. 

Henry used to weigh the butter and count the 
eggs the country women brought to exchange 
for suo-ar or coffee. 

He was a very honest and polite boy. He 
made a good clerk. 

At night he read all the books he could get. 

Captain Watkins saw what a bright, faithful 
boy his step-son was. He thought he would try 
to get him a better position, 

He had a friend named Colonel Tinsley in the 
House of Burgesses. 

At that time the House of Burgesses was the 
law-making body of Virginia. 

He asked Colonel Tinsley to get Henry a place 
in the Clerk's office. 



THE STORY OF HEXRY CLAY. \ \ 

Such places were hard to get, but Henry Clay 
was appointed. 

The day Henry first went to his new work all 
the men in the office looked at him. 

He was not a handsome boy. He was tall, raw- 
boned, and awkward. 

He had a very pleasant face, however, and the 
men were interested in his looks. 

He wore a gray suit of homespun clothes. 

They did not fit as well as boys' clothes do 
now-a-davs. 

He had on a white linen shirt, which his mother 
had starched very stiff. 

The collar made him feel uncomfortable. 

Some of his companions saw how awkward he 
felt. 

They laughed at him, and he blushed. 

He must have felt very bad, for he knew he 
was not dressed as well as they. 

He also knew he did not have such elegant 
manners. 

But he felt sure he had been taught better than 
to laugh at a strange little country boy. 



12 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



Henry Clay made up his mind then that he 
would show these clerks what a boy could do. 

He went steadily to work. When he was not 
too busy, he listened silently to the conversation 
of the older men. 

After the office hours were over, he read books, 
while the other boys played. 



III. 

One day the Chancellor of the High Court 
came into the office. 

He saw Henry Clay. He knew he had not seen 
him there before. 

He talked to him. Henry was a good talker. 
He knew just what to say, and he had a pleasant 
voice. 

He spoke out clearly in answer to the questions 
the Chancellor asked him. 

The Chancellor was pleased with his frankness, 
his manliness. 

After talking to him a while, he said : " Henry, 
how would you like to do all my writing?' 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



13 



Of course Henry Clay was delighted to have 
such employment offered him. 

He began the work the very next day. All 
the writing was about law and the courts. 

At first the writing seemed dull, but Henry 
soon began to study what he wrote. 

One day he asked the Chancellor to explain 
something to him. 

"Why," said the Chancellor, "what do you 
know about it ?" 

He was delighted, however, to find that his 
young friend had been interested. 

He answered the questions for him, and asked 
him others. He was so pleased with Clay's an- 
swers that he brought him several books to read. 

Afterward he took a short time every day to 
talk with the young man. 

He directed his reading, and talked to him 
about choosing his life work. 

He said to him : " Be honest and persevering, 
and you will succeed." 

Henry Clay could not have had a wiser and 
better-friend. 



14 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

The name of the Chancellor was George 
Wythe. He was one of the signers of the Dec- 
laration of Independence. 

Henry Clay was not the only boy he helped, 
who afterward became famous. 

Thomas Jefferson and John Marshall were once 
his pupils. 

Thomas Jefferson, you know, was our third 
President. 

John Marshall was a great lawyer. 

Henry Clay wrote for the Chancellor for four 
years. 

He then made up his mind to be a lawyer. 

He studied for one year. At the end of this 
time he got his license to begin practice. 

He did not now look like the mill boy of the 
Slashes, who had walked into the Clerk's office 
five years before. 

He was known to be extremely bright, and to 
have a fine character. 

Chancellor Wythe invited him to his own 
home. Then many other of the best families 
asked him to visit them. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



J 5 



Henry Clay soon became very popular. 

He and several other young men formed a de- 
bating club. 

He soon became the leader. 

He was not only very bright, but he had not a 
single bad habit. 

The mothers in Richmond were very glad to 
have him as a companion for their sons. 



IV. 

Henry Clay had but little money. 

He believed he could not earn much in Rich- 
mond for many years. 

There were so many older lawyers, who were 
very great men. 

He decided to go to Lexington, Kentucky. 

Kentucky was then just beginning to be a 
state. 

There was one college and a school in Lexing- 
ton. 

They had one newspaper, also a library. 
George Washington had given them some of the 



1 6 THE STORY Of HENRY CLAY. 

money to buy books. These same books are in 
the library to-day. 

Mr. Clay often saw men come into Lexington 
wearing their fringed buckskin suits, and each 
carrying a rifle and powder horn. 

But there were also many educated people in 
the town. 

Mr. Clay was just about twenty-one years old 
at that time. 

He was of a sunny nature and very sociable, 
besides being a brilliant talker. 

He soon became a great favorite with the 
people. 

He organized another debating club. 

One night he was asked to speak. 

This was his first speech in his new home. 

He was young. He was a stranger. He was 
frightened. He knew his future success de- 
pended on this speech. 

He arose and said : " Gentlemen of the Jury." 

He was so frightened, he forgot that he was 
not in court. 

He saw his mistake. He said to himself : " I 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. iy 



must make these people see that I can do better, 
just as I once did the boys in the Clerk's office 
in Richmond. 

He kept on talking-. The people soon began to 
listen. They wanted to hear every word. They 
had never heard a finer voice, or a grander speech. 

When he sat down, the people applauded with 
all their might. 

After that speech Henry Clay was always 
called on to speak at every public meeting-. 

He soon began to practice law. He was very 
successful. 

Whenever anybody was too poor to hire a 
lawyer, Clay would plead his case for nothing. 
He was very tender hearted. He would not al- 
low people to suffer if he could help them. 

One time two poor Germans were being tried 
for their lives. 

Clay was their lawyer. 

Everybody thought they would be hanged. 

Clay made a grand speech in their favor, and 
saved their lives. 

The mother of these two Germans was so 




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THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. J 9 

thankful that she put her arms round Mr. Clay's 
neck, and kissed him time and again. 

When Clay had been in Lexington a year and 
a half, he married Miss Lucretia Hart. 

They soon after went to live at Ashland, the 
beautiful farm of six hundred acres just outside 
the city limits of Lexington, Kentucky. 

He never had any other home after that. Ash- 
land is still one of the most beautiful homes in 
the Blue Grass region of Kentucky. 

Under its generous roof have been entertained 
all the famous visitors to the Blue Grass. 

Mr. Clay and his wife began the hospitality for 
which the place has ever since been noted. 

The house was richly furnished in old colonial 
style. In one of the parlors was a handsome 
painting of the Washington family. 

Ashland is now owned by Maj. Henry Mc- 
Dowell, whose wife is Mr. Clay's grand-daugh- 
ter. 

Miss Madge McDowell, the youngest daughter 
of the house, has written some articles for the 
Cent 71 ry Magazine. 



20 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

Near Ashland is Woodland Park, which was 
once a part of the Clay farm. 

In Woodland, year after year, is held the Ken- 
tucky Chatauqua. 

Every season great speakers from all over the 
world go to Woodland, to visit the home of the 
greatest American orator. 

Under the lofty trees they rest, and think of 
the great man who often retired to the peace and 
quiet of Ashland, after some political struggle or 
disappointment. 



V. 

Not long after Mr. Clay's marriage he made 
his first speech on slavery. 

He said the slaves ought to be free. 

He did not want them to be taken from their 
masters all at once, but he thought they ought 
to be gradually given their liberty. 

He made a very great speech in favor of free- 
ing the poor slaves. 

The people did not like this speech. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 21 



Clay was always glad that he made it, because 
it was right, even if it was not popular. 

One day there was a great political gathering 
in Lexington. 

Farmers from miles around had gathered in a 
big field to listen to some great speakers. 

There was talk of a law being made in Con- 
gress which the people did not want. They 
wished to hear what their great speakers thought 
of it. 

Mr. George Nicholas spoke first. It was 
thought that he was the greatest speaker in the 
city. 

Henry Clay spoke next. The people were so 
pleased that they would listen to no one else. 

The men carried Mr. Clay and Mr. Nicholas on 
their backs to a carriage and then pulled them 
through all the streets of Lexington. 

They shouted : " Hurrah for Henry Clay ! " 

"Hurrah for George Nicholas!' 

" Hurrah for the Red, White, and Blue ! " 

Clay was soon after elected to represent his 
county in the Legislature. 



20 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

Near Ashland is Woodland Park, which was 
once a part of the Clay farm. 

In Woodland, year after year, is held the Ken- 
tucky Chatauqua. 

Every season great speakers from all over the 
world go to Woodland, to visit the home of the 
greatest American orator. 

Under the lofty trees they rest, and think of 
the great man who often retired to the peace and 
quiet of Ashland, after some political struggle or 
disappointment. 



V. 

Not long after Mr. Clay's marriage he made 
his first speech on slavery. 

He said the slaves ought to be free. 

He did not want them to be taken from their 
masters all at once, but he thought they ought 
to be gradually given their liberty. 

He made a very great speech in favor of free- 
ing the poor slaves. 

The people did not like this speech. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 21 



Clay was always glad that he made it, because 
it was right, even if it was not popular. 

One day there was a great political gathering 
in Lexington. 

Farmers from miles around had gathered in a 
big field to listen to some great speakers. 

There was talk of a law being made in Con- 
gress which the people did not want. They 
wished to hear what their great speakers thought 
of it. 

Mr. George Nicholas spoke first. It was 
thought that he was the greatest speaker in the 
city. 

Henry Clay spoke next. The people were so 
pleased that they would listen to no one else. 

The men carried Mr. Clay and Mr. Nicholas on 
their backs to a carriage and then pulled them 
through all the streets of Lexington. 

They shouted : " Hurrah for Henry Clay ! ' 

" Hurrah for George Nicholas!' 

" Hurrah for the Red, White, and Blue ! " 

Clay was soon after elected to represent his 
county in the Legislature. 



2 2 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

He lacked three days of being old enough to 
serve, but he was permitted to stay. 

After this he was sent to the United States 
Senate. 

He made a speech four days after entering the 
Senate. It was about building a bridge across 
the Potomac River. 

He carried his point. The bridge was built. 

Mr. Clay believed that the United States ought 
to protect and encourage home industries. 

He wanted the people to raise their own cot- 
ton, sugar, corn, wheat, and all vegetables and 
fruits that would grow in this countrv. 

He wanted them also to make the things they 
raised into useful articles that would sell. 

Up to that time the people of the United 
States had bought nearlv all their cloth from 
England. 

Mr. Clay wanted the people to make their own 
goods. 

He wanted them to have their own colleges, 
their own books, and all the articles they needed 
in their houses. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 23 



He made a great many speeches in favor of 
the Home System, before the members of Con- 
gress. 

These speeches made the people like Mr. Clay. 

Henry Clay became so well known that his 
friends in Kentucky were very proud of him. 

They elected him to one office after another as 
fast as he served each term. 

Sometimes he w r as in the State Senate at Frank- 
fort, but most of the time in the United States 
Senate at Washington. 

He was speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives for a great many years. 

The men thought him so great that they obeyed 
the motion of his hand. 

One day, a short while after Mr. Clay went to 
Congress, he was walking down a street near the 
capitol. 

He saw several boys teasing a goat. This 
goat was known by almost everybody in Wash- 
ington. 

Clay was fond of animals. He did not like to 
see the boys treat the goat so cruelly. 



24 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



He talked to them about it. They liked Mr. 
Clay's friendly ways so much that they stopped. 

But the Billy-goat did not understand that Mr. 
Clay was his friend. 

Before Mr. Clay had time to get out of the 
way, the goat was butting at him. 

He caught Billy by the horns. 

The boys thought it was funny to see a grown 
man wrestling with a goat. 

But they thought Billy very ungrateful for Mr. 
Clay's friendship. 

So they said to Mr. Clay : "Let loose his horns 
and run, and we will run with you." 

This he did, and all ran off together. 

The boys liked Mr. Clay because he showed 
so much kindness. 

They knew the goat did not know any better. 
They were sorry they had teased him, for this 
had made him think every human being was his 

enemy. 

So they told Mr. Clay they would not tease 
the old Billy-goat any more. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 25 



VI. 



There were a great many troublesome ques- 
tions in Congress when Mr. Clay was a member. 

He was a powerful leader, and there were al- 
ways men who were proud to follow him. 

He was nearly always on the side of right. 
He rarely failed to win. 

One question came up when Mr. Monroe was 
President. 

It was about the liberty of some of the coun- 
tries in South America. 

Mr. Clay was sorry for any people who wanted 

liberty. 

He pleaded for their rights. He wanted to 

help them win their cause. 

Many people in the South American colonies 
sent him letters of thanks. 

He also helped the people of Greece when they 
fought for their liberty. 

He was never tired of pleading for the liberty 
of any people. 



26 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

That was why he often made speeches like the 
first one he made, to free the colored slaves. 

He did not want a war between the North and 
the South. 

He pleaded again and again for peace. 

One time when the United States was in 
trouble with another country, he went with some 
other men to Ghent, Holland. There they made 
peace between the two countries. 

People all over the United States loved him. 

The people in Virginia and Kentucky loved 
him best of all. 

One time he and Mrs. Clay made a trip to New 
England. 

At all the towns people came out to meet 
him. 

At some places the line of people was a mile 
long. 

Nearly everywhere he was given some present 
for the services he had done the country. 

At Boston he was invited to a banquet to be 
given in his honor at Faneuil Hall. 

This Hall is called the Cradle of Liberty. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 2 J 



Washington had made speeches there. 

Webster had made a great speech there. 

Many of the greatest people of America and 
of other countries had been invited there. 

Mr. and Mrs. Clay could not go to the banquet. 

But not long afterwards Mr. Clay went to visit 
the Hall. 

In this Hall are many relics of the Revolution- 
ary War. 

Before he had been there long a crowd began 
to gather. 

He was asked for a speech. 

He made a splendid one. 

The people shouted till they were hoarse. 

He then shook hands with five thousand people. 

The next day the young men of Boston gave 
him two elegant silver pitchers. 

A gentleman named Mr. Lynde sent Mrs. Clay 
a bonnet. 

With the bonnet he sent a note to Mr. Clay. 

In the note he said : " I believe that Mrs. Clay 
will like to wear it, because the straw was grown 
and woven in America. ' 



28 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 

The silk in which it was trimmed was also 
made in America. 

He added : " I am about to set up one hundred 
looms for weaving goods. I expect to have a 
large trade. I could not have done this except 
for the good law r s you made." 

He also stated that the name of the young lady 
who made the bonnet was Miss Brigham. 

Mr. Clay wrote a nice letter of thanks to Miss 
Brigham and Mr. Lynde. 

At Mt. Auburn, Clay was greeted by three old 
soldiers who had fought many years before at 
Concord. 

Concord is in Massachusetts. It was there 
that one of the first battles in the war for free- 
dom was fought. 

When he went to the theatre the people rose 
and the band played Yankee Doodle. 

He and Mrs. Clay were given a reception by 
the President of Harvard College. 

Everywhere he went he was honored. 

This would not have been true if he had not 
been unselfish and brave. 



THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 2q 



VII. 

But not all of Mr. Clay's life was pleasant. 

He had a great deal of sorrow. 

His enemies made many bitter remarks about 
him. He sometimes lost his temper and said un- 
pleasant things. This lost him many friends. 

He had six daughters and five sons. 

All of his daughters died young. 

One of them died in Ohio on her way to 
Washington with her father. 

Henry Clay, his favorite son, was killed at the 
battle of Buena Vista, during the Mexican War. 

Mr. Clay was very sad over the death of his 
children. He was devoted to them. It was a 
great sorrow for so many of them to die. 

He had many other disappointments. 

His friends wanted him to be President. 

He ran for the office twice, but was defeated. 

When he was defeated, his friends in Kentucky 
loved him all the more. 



30 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



When he came home to live at Ashland, they 
gave him a dinner at Fowler's Garden. 

They asked him to speak. There never was 
another such speech made. He thanked his 
friends for all they had done for him. 

The people cried when he spoke of the way they 
had helped him bear his burdens and his wrongs. 

Then he told them what they oueht to do to 
make a great State and a great Union. 



VIII. 

Henry Clay had very many honors shown him. 

He filled many prominent places in the Nation. 

One time the young men of New York gave 
him a gold medal. 

On the medal were mentioned some of the 
great things which Henry Clay had done for the 
people ; also some of the offices he had held. 

Senate, 1806. 

Speaker, 181 1. 

War of 1 81 2 with Great Britain. 

Ghent, 18 14. 

Spanish America, 1822. 



THE STOR Y OF HENR Y CLA Y. 3 I 



Missouri Compromise, 1821. 
American System, 1824. 

Greece, 1824. 

Secretary of State, 1825. 

Panama Instructions, 1826. 

Tariff Compromise, 1833. 

Public Dominion, 1 833—1 841. 

Peace with France Preserved, 1835. 

Compromise, 1850. 

These points you cannot understand now, but 
you will when you are older. These were not 
all the ways in which he helped his country. 

He made many speeches in favor of good 
roads and canals. 

On a road called the Cumberland a statue was 
raised. This statue was called the Genius of Lib- 
erty. Henry Clay's name was carved on the base. 

Air. Clay had two friends in Kentucky who also 
became famous. One was a painter whose name 
was Jouett, the other a sculptor whose name was 
Hart. 

Jouett was the most famous portrait painter in 
America at that time. It grave him great pleas- 
ure to paint Henry Clay's picture. It is now one 
of the sacred treasures of Kentucky. 



2,2 THE STORY OF HENRY CLAY. 



Joel T. Hart was said by his critics to be the 
greatest sculptor of his time. The women of 
Virginia asked him to make a statue of Henry 
Clay. He went to Florence, Italy, to put his 
model into marble. 

This statue now stands in the rotunda of the 
capitol at Richmond, Virginia. 

When the lawmakers of Mr. Clay's native 
State pass by this splendid statue, they are per- 
haps reminded of the great man who spent his 
life for his country. 

In New Orleans there is a bronze statue of the 
"Great Pacificator," as Clay was often called, 
made by Hart. 

The most successful statue Hart ever made is 
the one of Mr. Clay which now stands in the 
court house of Louisville, Kentucky. 

It is a grand statue of a powerful orator. 

Joel T. Hart loved and appreciated Mr. Clay 
and Clay honored the genius of the sculptor. 

We are glad that the names of two of Ken- 
tucky's greatest men will, through these statues, 
ever be associated in the memories of her people. 



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